浙江活力充盈的民间文化Flourishing,Folk,Culture,in,Zhejiang

陈野 译注/王之光 孙娟

民间社会的文化创造和历史传承，体现了沉淀1在民众日常生活中的文化心理和行为规范，是浙江文化在新时代创新发展的根基和源泉。浙江的民间文化活动兴旺，老百姓的参与意识高涨。目前，全省有业余文艺团体近3万家，业余文艺骨干50余万名，极大地2活跃了社会文化氛围。

Folk heritage and related cultural creation， which reflect peoples cultural instincts and underlie their daily lives， are at the root of cultural development in Zhejiang in the new era. Folk cultural activities abound with wide public participation. Zhejiang currently boasts nearly 30，000 art groups and over half a million amateur artists. They contribute in no small measure to enlivening peoples cultural life.

浙江是民間艺术大省，乡间村里生活着众多民间艺术家，民艺精品层出不穷3，是“活”在生活中的艺术。温州瑞安的东源木活字印刷术，自元朝初年至今已传承14代，完整再现中国古代活字印刷的传统工艺，堪称远古印刷术的活化石4。今天，瑞安人仍用此印制家谱，祖传的150字口诀，一直流传于当地艺人之间。苍南倪处村章氏一族，七代传承米塑艺术。他们带动180余名村人学习制作米塑，申报了省级非物质文化遗产。

Folk art is a big thing in Zhejiang province， home to an impressive array of folk artists. Especially in rural areas， many types of folk art， rooted in life experiences， are flourishing. Dongyuan wooden movable type printing， for example， is alive and well in Ruian， Wenzhou， having been passed down for 14 generations since the Yuan dynasty. It showcases an ancient tradition and crafting perfection that have defied the march of time. Today people in Ruian still print their family-tree books in this way， following what is known as the 150-word printing tips that have been around for ages among local artisans. Another interesting art form that merits special mention is what the Zhang clan in Nichu village of Cangnan county has inherited and perfected for seven generations. It is about creating all kinds of artifacts with rice flour， and this art tradition has been added to the provincial intangible cultural heritage list. Now 180-odd fellow villagers have joined the Zhang family in making rice-flour-based art objects.

浙江民间编修家谱的传统深厚，素有“三十年一小修，六十年一大修”之俗。这种传统逢遇社会稳定、生活水平提高、文化意识萌发的环境，形成了重修家谱的高涨热情。原本修谱观念淡薄的杭嘉湖地区，也受此热潮5影响，修谱之风渐盛。新修家谱活动体现了中国人根深蒂固的家族观念、乡里情谊、桑梓之情，就其积极因素而言，具有和亲睦众、爱乡爱国、稳定社会、和谐共进的作用。

Traditionally， people in Zhejiang update their genealogy registers every 30 years， which undergo a major overhaul every 60 years. Social stability， higher living standards and increased cultural awareness help sustain a growing enthusiasm for keeping family histories. This genealogical fervor sweeping across other areas of Zhejiang rekindles interest in tracing their ancestors among people in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain， an area that saw such practice fading not long ago. It reflects the Chinese peoples deep-rooted sense of family and love for their homeland， a sentiment that contributes to community building， stronger neighborly ties， patriotic solidarity and social stability and harmony.

20世纪90年代初，浙江出现民办博物馆，是全国民办博物馆出现早、数量多、影响大的省份。宁波鄞州区是民办博物馆发展迅速的地区，被命名为“中国博物馆文化之乡”，已建和在建的30座博物馆中，除8家是国字号6外，其余都是民间创办的私人博物馆，有车、船、桥梁、服装、眼镜、文房、徽章、珠算、邮电、证券、钱币、中草药、奇石、锁具、钟表、相机、剪刀、陶瓷、织锦、书画、剪纸、根雕、微雕、壶具等各种专题馆设，在我国博物馆史上创下空前纪录。

Private museums emerged in Zhejiang in the early 1990s. They were among the first nationwide. Compared with other provinces， they are also more numerous， and have bigger impact. Yinzhou District in Ningbo， home to a flourishing private museum scene， is now known as the “Museum District” with 30 museums already open to the public or being built. Eight of these are state-owned， and the rest privately funded. They feature collections of vehicles， boats， bridges， garment， eye-glasses， stationery， badges， abacuses， telecommunications equipment， securities， coins， Chinese medicinal herbs， strange stones， locks， clocks and watches， cameras， scissors， ceramics， brocade， paintings， paper cutting， root carving， miniature engraving and pots， among others， something not seen before in Chinas history of museums.

綜上所述，浙江近年来的文化发展，根基深厚、活力充沛、内容丰富、特色鲜明、佳作纷呈，有力地促进了浙江经济社会的发展，也展现出了文化繁荣的时代风貌。

In summary， the recent trends in cultural development in Zhejiang have deep roots. They are gaining momentum， with the rollout of a rich array of quality art products with distinctive characteristics. These trappings of cultural prosperity have also been a boon for economic and social development.

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